ASLRay: Linux ELF x32 and x64 ASLR bypass exploit with stack-spraying
ASLRay
Linux ELF x32 and x64 ASLR bypass exploit with stack-spraying
Properties:
- ASLR bypass
- Cross-platform
- Minimalistic
- Simplicity
- Unpatchable
Dependencies:
- Linux 2.6.12+ – will work on any x86-64 Linux-based OS
- BASH – the whole script
Limitations:
- Stack needs to be executable (-z execstack)
- Binary has to be exploited through arguments locally (not file, socket or input)
- No support for other architectures and OSes (TODO)
- Need to know the buffer limit/size
How it works
You might have heard of Heap Spraying attack? Well, Stack Spraying is similar, however, it was considered unpractical for most cases, especially ASLR on x86-64.
My work will prove the opposite.
For 32-bit, there are 2^32 (4 294 967 296) theoretical addresses, nevertheless, the kernel will allow controlling about only half of bits (2^(32/2) = 65 536) for an execution in a virtualized memory, which means that if we control more than 50 000 characters in stack, we are almost sure to point to our shellcode, regardless the address, thanks to kernel redirection and retranslation.
This can be achieved using shell variables, which aren’t really limited to a specific length, but the practical limit is about one million, otherwise, it will saturate the TTY.
So, in order to exploit successfully, we need to put a NOP sled following the shellcode into a shell variable and just exploit the binary with a random address.
In the 64-bit system, the situation is different, but not so much as of my discovery.
Of course, you wouldn’t have to cover all 2^64 possibilities, in fact, the kernel allows only 48 bits, plus a part of them are predictable and static, which left us with about 2^(4×8+5) (137 438 953 472) possibilities.
I have mentioned the shell variables size limit, but there is also a count limit, which appears to be about 10, thus allowing us to stock a 10 000 000 character shellcode, living us with just a tenth of thousand possibilities that can be tested rapidly and automatically.
That said, ASLR on both 32 and 64-bits can be easily bypassed in few minutes and with few lines of shell…
HowTo
If you have exploited at least one buffer overflow in your life, you can skip, but just in case:
apt install gcc || kill -9 $$
git clone https://github.com/cryptolok/ASLRay.git
cd ASLRay
chmod u+x ASLRay.sh
sudo gcc -z execstack test.c -o test
sudo gcc -m32 -z execstack test.c -o test32
sudo chmod +s test test32
source ASLRay.sh test32 1024
source ASLRay.sh test 1024
Don’t forget to check stack execution and ASLR both set:
scanelf -e test | grep RWX
or
readelf -l test | grep RWE
cat /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
