In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

fuse: check for NULL root inode in fuse_fill_super_submount

fuse_iget() can return NULL when its inode allocation fails, but
fuse_fill_super_submount() passed the result straight to get_fuse_inode()
and decremented fi->nlookup without checking it:

root = fuse_iget(sb, parent_fi->nodeid, ...);
fi = get_fuse_inode(root);
fi->nlookup--;

Inside fuse_iget() the inode allocation can fail and return NULL. The
submount root takes the iget5_locked() path, whose alloc_inode() can fail
under memory pressure (the auto-submount branch can fail the same way in
new_inode() or fuse_alloc_submount_lookup()):

inode = iget5_locked(sb, nodeid, fuse_inode_eq, fuse_inode_set,
&nodeid);
if (!inode)
return NULL;

A NULL root makes get_fuse_inode() a container_of() on NULL and the
nlookup decrement a write to a bogus address, oopsing the mount. With
CONFIG_KASAN the following null pointer dereference is reported when the
root inode allocation of an auto-submount fails (e.g. under memory
pressure):

==================================================================
BUG: KASAN: null-ptr-deref in fuse_get_tree_submount+0x656/0x8b0
Read of size 8 at addr 00000000000002b0 by task ls/942
CPU: 0 PID: 942 Comm: ls Tainted: G W 6.6 #15
Call Trace:
<TASK>
fuse_get_tree_submount+0x656/0x8b0
vfs_get_tree+0x48/0x140
fc_mount+0x13/0x50
fuse_dentry_automount+0x7a/0xb0
__traverse_mounts+0xca/0x330
step_into+0x339/0xac0
path_lookupat+0xc5/0x2f0
filename_lookup+0x163/0x2a0
vfs_statx+0xd5/0x200
do_statx+0x83/0xd0
__x64_sys_statx+0xa0/0xc0
do_syscall_64+0x37/0x90
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x78/0xe2
</TASK>
==================================================================

Return -ENOMEM instead; the caller tears down the partially built
superblock on error, matching the other error returns in this
function.