In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

wifi: cfg80211: only group hidden BSSes with beacon entries

When a probe response for an unknown BSS comes in, __cfg80211_bss_update()
looks for an existing entry with the same BSSID and a hidden (zero-length
or NUL-filled) SSID, and if it finds one it groups them, using the beacon
IEs from the existing entry.

But that could find another entry without a beacon, if it was also from a
probe response (with SSID), so there's a group without beacon elements.

If a beacon with a hidden SSID for that BSSID arrives later,
cfg80211_combine_bsses() goes looking for the probe response entries that
belong to it - i.e. entries with the same BSSID and channel that have no
beacon IEs - and finds those two. They are already grouped with each
other, so it hits its

WARN_ON_ONCE(bss->pub.hidden_beacon_bss)
WARN_ON_ONCE(!list_empty(&bss->hidden_list))

which are there because an entry without beacon elements is not supposed
to be part of a group yet.

Only combine entries when a beacon was already received, ones that are
kept separate will be combined when a beacon arrives.