CVE Watchtower

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CVE-2026-75595NVD

Vulnerability Summary

### Summary
A fragmented TLS ClientHello whose handshake header spans multiple records makes Netty silently fall back to the default SslContext; where per-SNI selection is the sole mTLS gate, an unauthenticated attacker can bypass the route's mTLS requirement.

### Details
In `io.netty.handler.ssl.SslClientHelloHandler#decode` the guard that should wait for the 4-byte handshake header checks the wrong offset - it ignores the 5-byte record header that precedes it - and therefore never fires:

```java
if (handshakeLength == -1) {
if (readerIndex + 4 > endOffset) {
// Need more data to read HandshakeType and handshakeLength (4 bytes)
return;
}
```

When the first record's payload is < 4 bytes, `handshakeLength = in.getUnsignedMedium(readerIndex + SslUtils.SSL_RECORD_HEADER_LENGTH + 1);` leads to `IndexOutOfBoundsException `. That is caught by the generic `catch (Exception)` block, which calls `select(ctx, null)` - this is the default `SslContext`. Fallback to default on parse failure is a problem when per-SNI selection is the sole mTLS gate.

### Impact
SNI routing bypass. Escalates to an unauthenticated mTLS bypass only when:
- mTLS is enforced solely via per-SNI SslContext (clientAuth=REQUIRE)
- the default/fallback SslContext is permissive (clientAuth=NONE/OPTIONAL)
- no secondary peer-certificate verification exists at the application layer.
Severity Level
HIGH
Published Date
Aug 19, 2026
Last Modified
Sep 8, 2026
Exploitation Status
No confirmed exploitation yet
CVE Record Status
Published
EPSS Score (30-Day)
0.28%Probability
Root Weakness (CWE)
N/A

Affected & Patched Versions

Affected Versions
  • io.netty:netty-handler >=4.2.0.Final, <=4.2.16.Final
  • io.netty:netty-handler <=4.1.136.Final
Patched Versions
  • io.netty:netty-handler 4.2.17.Final
  • io.netty:netty-handler 4.1.137.Final
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🐙GitHub Issues — Auto-tracked, no duplicates.
📬Weekly Digest — One clean summary, not inbox spam.
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