CURL 7.76.1 released: tool to transfer data from or to a server

curl is a tool to transfer data from or to a server, using one of the supported protocols (HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, FTPS, SCP, SFTP, TFTP, DICT, TELNET, LDAP or FILE). The command is designed to work without user interaction.
curl offers proxy support, user authentication, FTP uploading, HTTP posting, SSL connections, cookies, file transfer resume, Metalink, and many other features.

CURL 7.76.1 released.

Changelog

Bugfixes:

• configure: disable min version set for Darwin
• configure: include <time.h> unconditionally
• configure: remove use of RETSIGTYPE
• docs/HTTP3.md: update the build instruction using gnutls
• examples/hiperfifo.c: check event_initialized before delete
• file: support GETing directories again
• github/workflow: add “security-extended” to codeql-analysis.yml
• h2: allow 100 streams by default
• hostip: fix builds that disable all asynchronous DNS
• http_proxy: only loop on 407 + close if we have credentials
• install: add instructions for Apple Darwin platforms
• lib: remove unused HAVE_INET_NTOA_R* defines
• libssh: get rid of PATH_MAX
• ngtcp2+gnutls: clear credentials when freed
• ngtcp2: Use ALPN h3-29 for now
• ntlm: fix negotiated flags usage
• ntlm: support version 2 on 32-bit platforms
• openssl: fix CURLOPT_SSLCERT_BLOB without CURLOPT_SSLCERT_KEY
• TLS: fix HTTP/2 selection
• tool_progress: fix progress meter final update in parallel mode
• typecheck-gcc: make the ssl-ctx-cb check use SSL_CTX pointers

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How to use curl

Basic GET

GET a single resource via its URI

The default operation is a GET:

curl http://api.example.com:8080/statuses/1234

GET multiple resources where IDs are in a range

Use square brackets with a dashed range:

curl http://api.example.com:8080/items/[1230-1234]

GET multiple resources where IDs aren’t in a range

Use curly braces with comma-delimited strings:

curl http://api.example.com:8080/products/{abc,def,ghi}/status

Using HTTP Headers

Accept only the application/json content-type

Use the header option: -H or –header

curl -H 'Accept: application/json' http://api.example.com:8080/items/1234

Add multiple headers

Use multiple -H options:

curl -H ‘Accept: application/json’ -H ‘Accept-Encoding: gzip’ http://api.example.com:8080/products/a1b2c3ef/status

Note: the output from this is likely to be unreadable because it’s gzipped!

More likely you’d use this with ETags:

curl -H ‘Accept: application/json’ -H ‘If-None-Match: “1cc044-172-3d9aee80″‘ http://api.example.com:8080/products/a1b2c3ef/status

Show the network and HTTP “conversation”

Use the verbose option: -v or –verbose

curl -v -H http://api.example.com

POST and PUT

POST data to a URI

To send data to the server, you use either POST or PUT, depending on what the API requires. To do a POST, you simply use the -d (–data)  with some content:

curl -d "name=Ted" http://api.example.com:8080/customers

Note that this uses application/x-www-form-urlencoded as the Content-Type, i.e.,as if it was submitted by an HTML Form. You can use multiple -d options, which will be combined, e.g., these two commands produce the same content:

curl -d “first=Ted” -d “last=Young” http://api.example.com:8080/customers
curl -d “first=Ted&last=Young” http://api.example.com:8080/customers

If you want to send JSON, you’ll need to specify the Content-Type explicitly using the -H (header) option:

curl -d '{"name": "Ted"}' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' http://api.example.com:8080/items

PUT data to a URI

If you need to use the PUT method, you’ll need to override the method with the -X (–request) option:

curl -X PUT -d ‘{“name”: “Ted”}’ -H ‘Content-Type: application/json’ http://api.example.com:8080/items/1234