
During the U.S. Department of Justice’s antitrust trial against Google, Mozilla’s Chief Financial Officer, Eric Muhlheim, testified that should the court rule in favor of the DOJ’s allegations and mandate corrective actions against Google’s market dominance, the future of the Firefox browser could be jeopardized.
The Department of Justice has requested that Google be barred from paying browser developers—including Mozilla—to make its search engine the default option. Muhlheim warned that the loss of this revenue stream could effectively spell the end of the Firefox business, thereby weakening Mozilla’s ability to compete against other browsers, such as Google Chrome.
He elaborated that approximately 90% of Mozilla’s revenue stems from its Firefox browser business, which in turn supports the Mozilla Foundation’s nonprofit operations. A staggering 85% of Firefox’s income is derived from its agreement with Google, which designates Google as the default search engine in the browser.
Should this agreement be severed, Mozilla would be forced to make significant cuts to its operational budget, potentially scaling back Firefox development and updates. This could hinder the browser’s ability to attract and retain users with new features, initiating a downward spiral that may ultimately result in Firefox’s discontinuation. Such an outcome would not only jeopardize Mozilla’s broader nonprofit initiatives but also destabilize the wider internet ecosystem.
Muhlheim further emphasized that the Gecko engine, which powers Firefox, is currently the only browser engine not controlled by a major technology corporation. Unlike Google’s Chromium or Apple’s WebKit, Gecko was developed with a mission to break Microsoft’s once-dominant hold on web standards through Internet Explorer, ensuring that all browsers could render webpages consistently regardless of the underlying engine.
Without financial backing from Google, Mozilla might be unable to sustain its browser operations, potentially hindering the development of open web technologies.
Muhlheim also noted that replacing Google as a financial partner is far from simple. While Mozilla has explored collaboration with Microsoft to use Bing as Firefox’s default search engine, the absence of Google’s financial support would likely weaken Mozilla’s negotiating position and diminish the partnership’s revenue potential.
He pointed to Mozilla’s own research conducted between 2021 and 2022, which revealed a decline in revenue when Firefox’s default search engine was switched from Google Search to Bing for a subset of users. This suggests that a full transition away from Google Search could significantly impact Mozilla’s financial health.
Notably, Mozilla previously partnered with Yahoo from 2014 to 2017 following changes to its agreement with Google, a move that ultimately led many Firefox users to abandon the browser. Muhlheim concluded that unless another company can offer a search service of comparable scale and quality to Google’s, any disruption to this partnership would have profound consequences for Mozilla’s sustainability.
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