Elon Musk’s brain–computer interface company Neuralink has announced that in October it will begin a new phase of clinical trials in the United States, seeking to convert human thoughts directly into text through an implanted device.
Neuralink President DJ Seo explained: “If you are thinking of something, we will be able to detect it and translate it into words.”
The study is being conducted under an Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, with the primary goal of enabling patients with speech disorders or aphasia to communicate more fluidly with the outside world.
While several companies already test brain–computer interface technologies that allow patients to control computers or type on virtual keyboards using neural signals, Neuralink’s approach aims to go further: reading neural activity in the brain’s language cortex directly. By bypassing intermediary steps, the system could dramatically reduce communication delays, transforming inner thoughts into text in near real time.
Neuralink has already launched five clinical trials across the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United Arab Emirates. This sixth trial marks the first to be explicitly targeted at speech impairments. If successful, it could bring transformative improvements to the quality of life of patients with ALS, stroke, or severe paralysis.
Seo also revealed that Neuralink’s ultimate vision extends far beyond medical applications.
Within three to four years, the company anticipates that the first healthy volunteers will elect to have the device implanted, potentially enabling direct communication between human thought and large language models (LLMs). In this scenario, AI responses could be transmitted back through earpieces, forming a closed “neural loop” — allowing people to query, converse, or even control smart devices using thought alone, without ever speaking.
From the perspective of assisting severely disabled patients, the technology borders on a utopian vision drawn from science fiction. Yet once pushed into the consumer market, darker implications emerge: just as smartphones and social media algorithms have reshaped human interaction, the mass adoption of brain–computer interfaces could hand over even more of humanity’s privacy, thoughts, and behavioral patterns to technology companies.
For now, Neuralink’s clinical trials remain in their early stages, with safety, ethical, and regulatory hurdles still to be overcome before mass adoption becomes conceivable. Nevertheless, as the technology matures, the debate over the fusion of humanity and technology is certain to intensify in the years ahead.