OpenAI Orchestrates “AI Closed-Loop Economy”: Unprecedented $1 Trillion in Partnerships to Fund Computing Empire

With partnerships emerging one after another — including those with NVIDIA, Oracle, and AMD — OpenAI appears to be orchestrating an unprecedented experiment in what many are calling an “AI closed-loop economy.” In a recent interview, OpenAI CEO Sam Altman revealed that the collaborations announced thus far are merely the beginning, with several more major strategic deals set to be unveiled in the coming months.

Altman stated that as the company’s confidence in the capabilities of future models and the scale of computational demand continues to grow, OpenAI has decided to embark on an “aggressively ambitious” infrastructure investment campaign. At the heart of this strategy lies the goal of transforming key suppliers into mutual stakeholders — a shared-benefit ecosystem built on cross-investment and resource interdependence to shape the computational foundation of the AI era.

Among this year’s initiatives, OpenAI has partnered with Oracle and SoftBank on a massive infrastructure project codenamed “Stargate,” with an estimated investment of $500 billion aimed at building 10 gigawatts of data center capacity across the United States. Simultaneously, the company has announced collaborations with both NVIDIA and AMD to deploy over 16 gigawatts of AI computing power.

Yet, the true significance of these deals lies not only in their scale but in their innovative financial structures. NVIDIA is reportedly planning to invest up to $100 billion in OpenAI, becoming one of its shareholders. In return, OpenAI will make large-scale purchases of NVIDIA GPUs and server systems. Observers describe this as a form of “AI circular financing” — where suppliers fund customers to purchase their own products, creating a self-sustaining economic loop.

On the other hand, OpenAI’s partnership with AMD showcases a different kind of financial ingenuity. As part of the agreement, AMD will grant OpenAI warrants equivalent to roughly 10% of its outstanding shares. This arrangement effectively makes OpenAI an AMD shareholder, enabling it to offset part of its GPU procurement costs through potential gains in AMD’s stock value.

Analysts suggest that if AMD’s share price reaches its target milestones, OpenAI’s holdings could be worth as much as $100 billion. NVIDIA CEO Jensen Huang, in an interview with CNBC, described AMD’s approach as “clever”, though he noted that it differs fundamentally from NVIDIA’s own investment strategy, emphasizing that the current partnership benefits both sides.

Altman, meanwhile, referred to these ventures as a “bold gamble on the future,” stressing that OpenAI’s long-term roadmap extends far beyond the capabilities of existing models. To meet the colossal demands of future inference and training workloads, he said, the company must establish an entirely new infrastructure paradigm — spanning energy, hardware, cloud computing, and distribution layers. Every link in this chain, he argued, requires the collective effort of the entire industry.

Still, doubts persist regarding OpenAI’s financial capacity to sustain such ambitions. The company’s revenue for the first half of 2025 stands at approximately $4.5 billion, a figure dwarfed by the nearly $1 trillion in announced partnerships. Huang himself admitted in the interview that OpenAI does not yet possess sufficient capital to cover the full cost of its planned hardware investments.

Adding to this, reports indicate that OpenAI is in talks with Broadcom to design next-generation custom AI accelerator chips — an order rumored to exceed $10 billion. If confirmed, this would mark another decisive step in OpenAI’s computing expansion and further validate Altman’s vision of vertical integration across the AI supply chain — positioning OpenAI not merely as a model provider, but as the central force powering the entire AI industry.

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